Temporal Order Judgments in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders – Explicit and Implicit Measures

Abstract Ordering events in time is essential for the understanding of causal relationships between successive events. Incorrect links can lead to false beliefs and an altered perception reality. These symptoms belong psychosis, which present schizophrenia (SZ) spectrum bipolar (BP) disorder. Experimental results show that patients with SZ have temporal order, while there are no data BP. We investigated ability SZ, BP, controls judge order stimuli a 100-ms Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA), how such large asynchronies facilitate judgments small asynchronies. Explicit effects suggest perform worse at long SOA (100 ms) as compared controls, whereas BP difference or SZ. Implicit reveal improved performances case identical different relative two trials all groups, differences groups. replicated explicit impairments implicit appear be preserved. This difficulty consciously might understood under light loosening-of-associations phenomenon well described Further, we showed do not impairment consistent phenomenological descriptions, suggesting experience